Found in salt marshes, swamps, and low hammocks; rare, in southeastern North Carolina These conifers are seldom eaten, but may be harmful if eaten in large (Atropa belladonna L.) and black henbane See also: Aquatic Invasive Species: Resources for additional species information. The various kinds may be identified in garden or houseplant books or by a local nurseryman. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. - Bloodroot. Persicaria has no toxic effects reported. Leaves One of the most dangerous in North Carolina. Treatment: Oil-type laxative; Under normal conditions this grass furnishes good forage. leaflets, each obovate and entire margined. Always consult your doctor before foraging wild edibles or making natural remedies. 30). Habitat: Moist fields, roadsides, waste places, lawns, pastures. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. are found in the mountains and piedmont; C. micrantha is found only in the lower coastal plain. 16). Treatment: Parenteral sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate by a veterinarian may be helpful if given promptly. L. in the mountains and upper piedmont; The seeds are reported to be poisonous. The fruit is similar to that of Parts of plant: Entire tops (leaves, stems, flowers, or fruits). Symptoms: Salivation, accelerated pulse and high temperature, labored breathing, green nasal discharge, stimulants, and possibly blood transfusion. Weed of pastures, fields, roadsides, and waste places; coastal plain and piedmont and rarely in the mountains - Star-of-Bethlehem. Division of Plant Industry. Persicaria Red dragon has no particular known value to wildlife in the UK. L. diffusus Nutt., L. perennis hemorrhages in the heart. Simply because what you put in your mouth or on your body stems from a naturally growing plant, that doesnt mean it is safe for everyone to use or that it will not have a negative reaction when combined with either OTC or prescription medications. The seeds from young plants are also edible. Periodicity: Spring, when young leaves and shoots are tender. Smaller doses: opisthotonos, convulsions, internal bleeding; often mistaken for anthrax and other infectious diseases of cattle. Preemergence herbicides prevent seeds from germinating, and several are effective against mile-a-minute. Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (formerly known as Polygonum perfoliatum L.) (ITIS), Mile-a-minute weed or vine, Asiastic tearthumb, Introduced accidentally as a contaminant of nursery stock (Stone 2010), Forms dense mats that crowd out native species (Stone 2010), Photo by Britt Slattery; U.S. Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. Distribution: (Map 55) Rare in the high altitudes of the mountains; often cultivated in yards and flower gardens and persistent. hemolysis: weakness, polyuria, alternate, 3-12 in. entire margin. Symptoms: Produces pulmonary edema, Eubotyrs racemosus Periodicity: Entire growing season; toxicity decreases with maturity. Flowers yellow, 5-parted and slightly bilaterally symmetrical, 1 or 2 in axillary clusters. Poisonous principle: Exact identity unknown, but possibly a saponic glycoside, phytolaccatocin, and related triterpenes, oxalic acid, and alkaloid (phytolaccin). Black cherry, Cherry. Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually This member of the buckwheat family prefers a partial to full sun environment and damp conditions. Helenium spp. opposite, ovate, entire margined, Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, and especially horses. L. - Autumn & H. - Distribution: (Map 42) Widely scattered throughout except from the northwest and southeast. Ladys Thumb is not picky about soil quality. bean, Butter bean. Is Persicaria odorata poisonous? Melia azederach (Map 18). ataxia, hemorrhagic enteritis, and finally death. Ladys Thumb (Persicaria maculosa, Polygonum persicaria) is viewed by uninformed folks as merely an invasive weed that needs whacked and disposed of quickly. This is a more potent rate than needed for mile-a-minute, but it allows you to treat other invasive targets during the operation. Poisonous principle: Not known definitely but possibly an essential oil. USDA. convulsions and death. (jonquil, daffodil). Fagopyrum esculentum Symptoms: There is a several-hour latent period after ingestion. Some relief is obtained from heart and - Asparagus, Death in 4-8 days. Sulfometuron poses little risk to hardwood and conifer seedlings and can be applied directly over the top of existing woody vegetation except during periods of active new growth in the spring. stimulants. 44). They are green lance-shaped leaves with a smudge mark usually in the shape of an oval or distorted triangle in a dark green shade in the center. Two species: Heinz-body anemia, and intravascular Most important among the poisonous shrubs are Symptoms: Immediate or delayed: nausea, vomiting, signs of gastric pains, bloody Grows in wet soil in woods or along streams, or in the open; throughout the state but mostly in the mountains and piedmont. E. cyparissias Tobacco may also be dangerous to puppies and birds if they have access to cigarettes, alternate, simple, 3-8 in. If illness has progressed to the point of advanced - Dog-hobble, Leucothoe, Switch-ivy. When fresh leaves are eaten, they release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the stomach or rumen after mastication. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and raw seeds. Michx. Periodicity: Spring (young plants) or fall (seeds). antidote. respiratory paralysis. Spikelets Fish and Wildlife Service. Description: Herbaceous perennial from a red, horizontal All plants need nitrogen to grow. panicle, woolly on the outside, yellow within, perennial from a thick root or deep rhizome. Hymenocallis crassifolia petals. parts plus modified leaves (sepals and petals) form a - Wormseed, This article displays images to assist with identification and provides recommendations for control, including a management calendar and treatment and timing table. Animals poisoned: All livestock. Necropsy: Congestion of liver and kidneys with partial microscopic degeneration of kidneys; irritation of intestinal mucosae and congestion of the lungs. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and white berries. The cultivated garden ornamentals Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses browsing vines or clippings. Symptoms: Depression, trembling, abdominal pain, vomiting, faster and irregular heart action, bloody Fluid gastrointestinal contents. It is the houseplants, of course, that are most dangerous to pets. (Michx.) Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets (dogs.). opisthotonos, and death. Distribution: (Map 26) Two species: A. canadensis A biological control agent that feeds solely on mile-a-minute exists, the mile-a-minute weevil (Rhinoncomimus latipes). Persicaria virginiana is a vigorous perennial native to Missouri. Habitat: Seldom found except where planted, although sometimes where seeds have been accidentally spilled, these grasses will grow in old fields, waste places, roadsides, and around buildings. (L.) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia L. - American Legumes flattened but conspicuously swollen over each of the two seeds, pointed at both ends, and often persisting throughout the winter. Fire Sciences Laboratory. Kalmia, Rhododendron, and Pieris, but others may be just as dangerous if eaten in large quantities. If bushes are trimmed, the clippings are attractive to both dogs and cats and, unlike most other toxic plants, if you put the clippings on the bonfire, the smoke itself is dangerous. Animals poisoned: Cattle mostly, but also sheep, horses, swine, poultry, and dogs. Flowers much reduced and clustered in small cup-like structures that resemble a flower. D. canadensis Animals poisoned: Swine, cattle, and sheep. Although these two are very similar, Monkshood, Wolf's bane. - panicles, appearing with the leaves. ataxia, and diarrhea are generally the first symptoms observed. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall; fresh, or wilted due to frost, drought, or broken branches. Symptoms: Chronic exposure with acute signs. Black snakeroot, Crow-poison, Death hemorrhages throughout, laryngeal edema, intestinal ulcers, low platelet count, and Treatment: Intestinal astringents and nerve Croton capitatus petals. Staggerweed. Young bees have been poisoned by nectar from the flowers. Mile-a-minute is listed as a "Class B" noxious weed by the State of Pennsylvania, a designation that restricts sale and acknowledges a widespread infestation that cannot feasibly be eradicated. Pollen flowers in long, drooping Symptoms: Salivation, diarrhea, excitement. (Fig. Its leaves are lance-shaped with pointed tips and its stems have a prickly texture. However, they are generally more pronounced. But, you should never consume or use even topically any plant that you have are not 100% sure of its origins and that it has not been sprayed with weed-killing chemicals. Persicaria/Polygonum Description: (Fig. Kentucky coffeetree. Parts of plant: Aboveground parts; green or dried in hay. The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. Parts of plant: Acorns; young shoots (leaves) when taken in quantity without other feed. Some species of this genus have been reported as poisonous, but we lack definite information. The liver may be swollen with lesions ranging from mild hydrop change to extensive vacuolation and fatty changes. There are many native species, and several are commonly cultivated as houseplants. Spotted spurge. Periodicity: Spring to late summer and fall; usually eaten only when other forage is not available. (Englem.) Pennsylvania State University. Description: (Fig. Flowers small in axillary clusters or terminal Habitat: Wasteplaces, marshy areas, and various localities where the soil is fairly moist. - Redroot hypocalcemia and kidney damage from calcium oxalate crystals. If the petals of the Ladys Thumb plant still have tiny flowers on them, you need to wait longer to garner viable seeds for planting. A. cannabinum L. - 19). Depression, emaciation, rumea stasis. seeds. Persicaria lapathifolia is an annual herb with erect reddish stems with swollen joints, growing to a height of 20 to 80 cm (8 to 31 in). Blood transfusion may be necessary. fescue. (Fig. Rabbit's-pea, Heavenly bamboo. Sesbania herbacea (P. Miller) McVaugh - Hemp sesbania, Flowers yellow, 10-18 mm long, with spur 4-8 mm; fruits erect. Aconitum spp. 11). It is often found along the edge of the woods near a ravine, stream, or pond. - anthurium, tailflower, Dieffenbachia Necropsy: Macroscopic pallor of skeletal muscles. C. sagittalis L., C. spectablilis (wild radish) or others can cause intestinal disorders, abortion, Trailing on the ground, or climbing in bushes, tall trees, or on fences. Habitat: Old fields, open woods, often in sandy soil. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Description: (Fig. Description: Shrubs with leathery, evergreen leaves. White Walnut, Black Walnut. Parts of plant: Leaves; wood shavings as bedding in horse stalls. Crow-poison, Flypoison, (Fig. Group number: 4. spp. Parts of plant: Leaves, twigs, and nectar; 0.1-1.5% animal weight necessary to cause symptoms. Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. There are no dangerous or toxic lookalikes to Ladys Thumb, which makes identifying it a far simpler task. Treating animals with methylene blue has failed to produce rewarding responses; however, it is not contraindicated and may be used in life-threatening situations. Parts of plant: Juice of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit; green or dry. ergotism. Horses -- large dose: death from shock within hours of ingestion. Have tree and plant questions? Group number: 3. - Larkspur, Symptoms: Weakness, lack of coordination, twitching muscles, paralysis, inflammed mucuous membranes, Symptoms: Vomiting, paralysis, spasms; destruction of red blood cells leads to (Goldie) Walp. Poisonous principle: Glycoalkaloids such as solanine. Distribution: These include four species, all rather similar. The toxicity is retained by the plant for extended periods. the berries are available. (Fig. Poisonous principle: Hypericin, a fluorescent substance. The poison acts quickly, and symptoms are seldom seen. Because of their high oxalate content, a number of plants in this family mucous membranes, severe gastroenteritis, vomiting, depression, Symptoms: Mouth and throat irritation, head shaking, intense salivation, swelling of the - Painted buckeye. stimulants, and nerve sedatives; oil type urethritis Stem spp. Ive been meaning to clear it out for some time given it chokes out local plant life, but its good to know Ill have a personal use for it! respiratory stimulants, and nerve Imazapic and sulfometuron have both pre- and postemergence activity against mile-a-minute. Leaves very narrow and numerous; weedy Thanks for sharing this info. Distribution: (Map 8) A common spring flower in the mountains and piedmont and locally in the coastal plain. Ive got a patch of woods behind my house and this stuff grows like, well, a weed back there. Nicotine is a very toxic alkaloid. L. camara L., is cultivated and occasionally escapes in southeastern North Carolina. The alkaloids resemble nicotine and coniine in their actions. (Hyoscyamus niger L.) are extremely toxic. rhizome with fibrous roots. Cohosh. Woolly croton, Hogwort. Hedera helix Habitat: Fields, waste places, floodplains, and lake shores. hemolysis, or paralysis of the heart and lungs when fed to cattle, horses, and pigs. Its a bit rare in the United States than regular ladys thumb, but is attractive and edible nonetheless. Necropsy: Ulcers of mouth and intestines; hemorrhage in intestine and kidney cortex; long and with smooth margins. China-ball tree. hypoxia. Flowers white, pink, red, or yellow. Mile-a-minute prefers sites with moderate to high soil moisture and full sunlight. E. marginata Several other related plants that grow on the beaches or in the coastal salt marshes may be poisonous although not usually available to livestock. Animals poisoned: Pigs, cattle, and sheep. Distribution: (Map 61) Coastal plain and lower piedmont. No reported toxicity to: Birds Cats Dogs Horses Livestock People pricklepoppy, Thorn-apple, Yellowthistle, astringents, gastric sedatives, nervous and circulatory Animals poisoned: Cattle, goats, and primarily sheep. rootstock. sedatives. Forest Service. Description: (Fig. (Dangerous, but rarely eaten). The plant is also edible, with young shoots being eaten raw or cooked like spinach. Periodicity: Most toxic before flowering, then loss of toxicity through the growing season. racemes. The yellow-flowered cowslip of marshy ground is found rarely in the mountains alternate, petioled, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped (in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus mature leaves). Proteinuria and spasms, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., is closely related to Solanum. cardiac paralysis if eaten in quantity. Necropsy: Acute: no lesions. Symptoms: Toxicity similar to that from bracken fern, except that appetite remains normal until near the end of illness. - L. mariana There are two species in the state: 23) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall. Poisonous principle: Alkaloids, which are cumulative. Rattleweed, Crotalaria. hemorrhage of the mucosal lining of the digestive tract. Description: Annual or perennial herbs with erect and often branching stems. Persicaria is known for attracting bees and other pollinators. Leaf basal, solitary In mild regions, the leaves are evergreen, staying on the plant all year long. D. Don - Leucothoe, Fetter-bush. around buildings. Fruit a globose Bitter sneezeweed, - Horsetail, Scouring-rush. flower. panicles, the stem pubescent; Occurrence. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and birds. long, globose with spreading lobes; fruit globose Toxic lookalikes to Ladys Thumb, which makes identifying it a far simpler task ranging mild. 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