At that time, I think he committed $20 million up front. Things like the Bayh-Dole Act got the state to start thinking differently. More important, there was no centralized funding. We will schedule showings by appointment only until the tenant has moved. But I had the support of some colleagues in physics who really had high regard for Saupe, too. I was really excited about that. Also, it involved radio frequencies, something I was really familiar with. RCA wound up not wanting to manufacture it. Do you think that's useful for science?DOANE: It happens because universities have a need to be open which is not true for industry. I began to see a problem with the liquid crystal field, all of the display work was being done in industry, and all these people were going to these display society meetings, while the liquid crystal materials people doing basic research were going to the International Liquid Crystal Society. I think Bill Manning was very helpful, too. Being at a small grade school, I really was not exposed to that much science. He wanted to have him salaried in the Institute. In the case of student dissertations, it is necessary to publish. I wonder if you could say a little bit more about why you decided to establish Kent Displays. Is that what people were thinking at the time?DOANE: No, I think back then, the idea of displays for something like TV had probably crossed their mind at some point, but they were really focused on a wristwatch that displayed numbers. [If you apply an electrical pulse to it at a certain voltage level it will go to the color reflective texture. One day, he walked into my office and said, "Look at what this crazy stuff does. In the early 80s, there was a lot of work going on not only at Kent, but all over the world. We had no such thing here [but we needed to start].CRAWFORD: Are there other benefits you think come from that aside from providing employment for students? That really got us going. He said, "Well, I wonder if you'd like to work with me and help me. Do source of income protections exist for me at the state level in Georgia? There's very fundamental stuff going on in universities with DNA research, for example, but they're involved very practically, investigating the feasibility for all sorts of industrial interests. [Laugh] But there's no manufacturing in the U.S. that I'm aware of. They or their students often like to establish a company and make use of it themselves. And we had to build that. I was able to convince the dean of arts and science to support a building that went between chemistry and physics. They'd made money before licensing PDLC materials. The only ways to do that were visibility and having something really pertaining to the needs of the country. I thought it was good for Kent State, too. As with other faculty in physics and chemistry,] it helped me build up a very nice laboratory with a lot of students involved. With her in such a facility, for example, a physicist, chemist or some other scientist could walk down the hall and say, "Mary, I need to have this or that material" and she would synthesize it, an extremely valuable asset for liquid crystal research. Applications did not come until people started working with them. Jim McGrath and Anthony Silvidi were their names. At that particular time, I was very fortunate because that was a time when universities all around the country were hiring scientists to build their programs because there was lots of money available through the National Science Foundation and various places for research, and universities were taking advantage of that. This would make a black-and-white display, but it required a lot of power. Bahman Taheri founded one of them, Alpha Micron, Inc.. That was one reason. We wouldn't have cell phones with displays, flat TV screens, interactive wrist watches etc. It did play a huge role. From 1991-1996, Doane also served as the first Director of the Center Advanced Liquid Crystalline Optical Materials (ALCOM), an NSF-funded Science and Technology Center that included collaborations with University of Akron and Case Western Reserve University. I could have a display film that was flexible, the liquid crystal wouldn't flow out of it, it was trapped inside of it. It was a beautiful country. Me & I Shoes. Roland was interested in using nuclear magnetic resonance to study molecular diffusion. The liquid crystals just weren't very good with that at that time. There were also new types of liquid crystal display technologies created that were commercialized. That $8 million would've been a lot better spent going to developing products and marketing. It just worked out. Also, because it was trapped and confined, it had different kinds of properties. It's not like the other kinds of displays that have to be electronically refreshed over and over as well as require a backlight. Everybody in the US lost on this issue. Sure enough, it was a great compound because I learned right awayI hadn't done but one experiment on this, and already I could see that these really were [unique]. That's another win-win situation. She came out on a train around 1915, I think. I wanted the physics department and Kent State University to have something they could hang their hats on. DOANE: It can mean several things. I was never actually called upon by Heinke to be a witness. I began to see the need for the company to be able to develop and manufacture displays for other uses instead of just for signs. An agreement can be kind of complicated [and confidential].CRAWFORD: But it sounds like part of it is a sharing of ideas.DOANE: It's a sharing of ideas, yes. Oftentimes, people talk about academic research, especially at this time, as being more independent because there weren't private interests, they weren't working for a company's lab. [Laugh]CRAWFORD: But it really says something about how important the LCI had become. Forming the company while I still directed the Institute caused some issues. [audio cuts out] [However, that was just a small part of the overall program as at least half of the faculty in the physics department and many in the chemistry department became heavily involved in liquid crystal research involving theory and numerous different experiment techniques. I think this is another reason I retired when I did because I also convinced DARPA that this might be a nice technology, the reflective technology, because you could see it in the bright sunlight, you could use it in airplanes, and so on. Joel Domino, was the company's first employee. CRAWFORD: Was that a consideration for you in making the decision, the job opportunities?DOANE: I don't remember. [Laugh] I went to high school in Southwest Missouri. When I lectured, even in elementary physics, I paid a lot of attention to demonstrations, rather than standing up at the blackboard. Our very first high-volume manufacturing line was supported by the state of Ohio. He's got a lot of patents and publications of his own. Industry was doing a lot of that kind of research then. I'm an Associate Professor and Historian of Science in the Department of History at Kent State University. CRAWFORD: Were they asking for advice on technical problems? We could put more people together. Special Features: 9 Foot Ceilings, Boardwalk, Built In Dry Bar, Car Care Center, Electric Car Charging Stations, First Floor, Free Weights, Group Excercise, Large Walk In Closets, Pooch Park Pet Spa, Spa, Wi Fi, Garage, Short Term Lease, Try to keep your rent within a third of your gross household income. This open floor plan and dual decks-front and back offer room for entertaining and family fun. ]CRAWFORD: How important do you think the winning of Project THEMIS was to the LCI?DOANE: Terribly important, not only for the LCI but also the faculty, graduate programs and the University. Or were you also learning more generally about the properties of matter and molecules?DOANE: The physical and chemical properties of liquid crystals, their molecular makeup, their unusual properties and how they fit as states of matter between solids and liquids. And the size. After he got his degree, he worked in industry, and it could've been that he just didn't understand academia. Both of us saw it as a challenge, and I was willing to try to take it on as a dissertation, and he was pleased with that because we thought it would be fun to do. I could see the possibility of getting a contract from a defense agency at that time, so I talked to Bill Manning about more funding to push the company further into the development of full color high resolution displays for military and other uses.. Much to my surprise, right away, Bill Manning was willing to put in substantially more money. Bill got the company going, but the defense contracts helped it to grow to further develop the technology. But it was a hot new field, and I thought it was a better way to go. http://omeka.library.kent.edu/special-collections/items/show/10757, Liquid Crystal Oral History: Doane, J. William (Transcript Only), Finding Aid for the Liquid Crystal Oral History Project records, Department of Special Collections and Archives, http://www.library.kent.edu/special-collections-and-archives/duplication-policy, http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/, This digital object is owned by Kent State University and may be protected by U.S. We graduated a lot of students in the ALCOM center, not only from Kent State but Case Western Reserve and Akron. Somehow, I just thought it was important for our program to do that. Or at least we thought it was at that time. I don't know where I get that from. [As I mentioned earlier, group funding had ended and liquid crystal research on campus was beginning to fall apart.] And because he was very interested in applications, I believe he was [more entrepreneurially oriented]. ]CRAWFORD: Right, because the university becomes kind of a competitor to the companies.DOANE: [Not necessarily a competitor because they're not in the same kind of business]. But primarily USC and Kent State carried the ball in this program.. We met a lot and really worked closely together. I was an officer, so she could come, and we could live off-base. University of Oklahoma at Stillwater, various places. This not only includes your local university, but other universities and small colleges. It was important to me that this company, the first spin-off formed, turn into something. As it turns out, there are a number different ways you can make a display with a liquid crystal. And I found another polymer group at Case Western Reserve, headed by Jack Koenig, in the chemical engineering department. I spent a lot of time developing demonstrations. ALCOM was to combine science and technology where applications are important. His name was Jim Fergason. Immediately after we started Kent Displays, Inc., other faculty, students and postdocs got the message and said, "Maybe we should do this." I had to hire electrical engineers [or use the electrical expertise we had in-house to create drive electronics for a new technology].CRAWFORD: It sounds like part of the impact of ALCOM, in addition to growing the LCI, was orienting the Institute more towards displays, and it sounds like you were doing a lot more than just liquid crystals.DOANE: Yeah. They provided funding to the company and Kent State to further develop it.CRAWFORD: What was the name of the postdoc you were working with from Hawaii?DOANE: DengKe Yang.CRAWFORD: Thinking about your career at the LCI, both as researcher and director, what would you say were the most significant achievements for you during your tenure?DOANE: I think it helped put Kent State on the map scientifically [and create a graduate program around a needed display technology where students could find great jobs]. However, now I had a system that looked like I could do applied research. If you're going to do this, you're going to have to go through one of the agencies like DARPA." I thought, "Here comes Jim Fergason again! [Laugh] I thought that was a great hire because the Institute really needed somebody who was doing applied work. I worked with him and helped with stuff, we went down in limestone mines, looking at cosmic rays. I'd be remiss if I didn't ask you to tell us a little bit about what it's been like living through the COVID pandemic over the last year, what effects it's had on your professional and personal lives, whatever you'd like to share. CRAWFORD: I know it may be difficult for you to speak to Dr. Brown's thought process, but why was it so important to have it off campus? On the bad side, it shut down a lot of the interpersonal activity it takes to get things done. In fact, liquid crystals were looked upon that way, I think. We were working together in the lab, and he wanted to make a liquid crystal display. It wasn't just because of this that it wound up in Japan, Kent was only a small part of the problem. It was incredible. ]CRAWFORD: Having worked in this field, what does technology transfer mean? And there was a market for writing tablets in China. It has easy access to city transportation and the BOB bus route. The other texture is transparent. That's very, very rare. Well, I told him how to do that, to get two pieces of glass, some liquid crystal, and put it together. She had a master's degree from Boston University, and I think graduated magna cum laude, majoring in languages. LGBTQ Legal Protections updated by Movement Advancement Project. Today, the state of Ohio does everything they can to help form companies. Manhattan Regional Airport (MHK) is 11 minutes away by car. Win over prospective landlords with your smart budgeting. Have a facility there based on what Glenn had started. USC applied, I applied, and so did these other universities.] [Laugh] While liquid crystals could get that feature, it had a very short temperature range. I never wanted to run the company because I didn't think I had the right expertise. There were some research agreements with them but, no doubt the details were confidential at the time. There are 2 Retail spaces available for lease at 390 Ernest W Barrett Pkwy, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, totaling 3,419 SF. Of course, it can involve development agreements and also licensing. That happened in the late 70s, early 80s.CRAWFORD: Do you recall the name of that researcher from the University of Calabria?DOANE: Yes, his name was Giuseppe Chidichimo, but he called himself Pino. I brought him to Kent to work on it in my lab. The government doesn't give you money for protecting it. He did marvelous things, like starting the Institute and the International Liquid Crystal Conferences. And there were other experiments he had in mind where I thought it would be a really fun field to be in. It was an industry-run program. CRAWFORD: Was it hard to leave the Institute after running it for 13 years? Available Information : Postal address, Phone number, Fax number, Website, Email address, Mayor, Geographical coordinates, Population, Altitude, Area, Weather and Hotel. Nowadays, we have software that keeps track of publications, and you can get a score based on the quantity you have. Not only displays, we had work going on with steering laser beams, night vision, and other optical devices. Right away, I could tell this was really something different because with the NMR, you could see both features very well [by how the molecules were ordered]. It came about when a postdoctoral fellow in my laboratory was experimenting on how cholesteric liquid crystals respond to an electrical pulse. CRAWFORD: Could you talk a little bit more about the problems with licensing, that things were going other places, other parts of the country? He had this telescope that could pick them up when they came in at any particular angle. Actually you could use and switch any color. Peachtree Rides (Mall Train) Heinke was the attorney involved in this lawsuit. They may have been beginning to think, "How are we going to do a big flat panel consisting of a matrix of many pixels?" A year earlier, they had awarded 12 of these. Also, there was another guy in the Institute who wanted to take over my nuclear magnetic resonance laboratory, so. Its called that because it can be found in the cholesterol of living systems. The anchor stores are huge. They wanted to fund the research on a two-year basis, with a renewal every two years. At that particular point, I married my wife, Shirley, right after I graduated.CRAWFORD: This would've been 1950?DOANE: 1958. As I pointed out, when I went to the first Society meeting, I didn't see any other universities, it was all industry and they were getting heavily involved with liquid crystal displays. If I had something like you proposed the other day, where the institute was off campus, apart from the University, it would've been something I might've been able to deal with a lot more easily. But the power drain was very low. The University wanted to license it, and I talked the University into letting me form a company around this. CONNECT WITH THE LOCAL REAL ESTATE ADVISOR. [Laugh] They wanted to fill a position at Kent, and I was looking at other schools, too. Kansas Manhattan Houses $1,400 710 S Manhattan Ave 710 S Manhattan Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 South Manhattan 2 Beds 1 Bath 1400 Sqft Contact Property Learn more, take a tour, and get one step closer to your new home. If we had such an electrical engineering department, we probably could've done it, but we didn't have one. Right now, I can watch my computer recording our conversation. And in the meantime, I'd talked with others who may have wanted to invest in it, some people up in Cleveland who thought they might do it. That turned out to be a really good thing to do. This is what got Kent off the ground. I had a friend, and we got interested in ham radio, so I built my own transmitter, learned Morse code. Because I was working on it, and other people in the physics department began to notice. The Japanese had really gotten it off the ground. The Mill at Chastain Floor Plans & Pricing. I have learned a lot about this business of academic and industrial interactions. I didnt know anything about tube sockets. Also, there were a lot of students involved. [Laugh] Strung my antennas and so on. CRAWFORD: When were you working on the application?DOANE: Probably 1989 or so. The State of Ohio money helped it with manufacturing. It was very fundamental research. More Employment protections include being fired, denied employment, or otherwise discriminated against by an employer. I think one of the best ways a university capitalizes on patents is through PR. I looked at several people before I went to Bill Manning. But I think when I look around the country, it's had some good and some bad points. CRAWFORD: Well, I think we should maybe take a break. Joel turned out to be terrific. Around the early 80s and throughout the 80s, several of the defense agencies became very concerned about all this because they needed these flat-panel displays for fighter planes, tanks, and stuff like that. Universities tend to value fundamental or basic research as it is something they can publish. Kent was in a predicament at that stage. And they decided to go with a twist cell. However, since then, I retired in '96, and around 2010 or so, they moved the faculty in Chemical Physics into the various departments, like physics and chemistry. What did it mean to you to receive these awards?DOANE: It's kind of nice. When Jim's company began to fail, Hoffmann-La Roche wanted to buy the patent from him. The more venture capitalists there are around, the better it is.CRAWFORD: [Did] the University do anything to facilitate those connections, or did you have to do that on your own?DOANE: [I had to find investment on my own. [End Part 1][Start Part 2]MATTHEW CRAWFORD: My name is Matthew Crawford. CRAWFORD: So there have been spinoff companies. I'll fund this company and Joel can be the financial officer." Were they asking the LCI to solve problems for them?DOANE: [They primarily wanted just to be current with the technology as it applied to their companys interest. Locate simply the city of Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin through the card, map and satellite image of the city. It turned out, the annual national meeting that year was in Kansas City. I had a lot of trouble doing it because chemistry viewed it as an encroachment. Little Tokyo. It can be green, red, whatever you want it to be. Then, around the world, in India and Russia, there were groups fiddling around with these things, but not much was known about it. [These days universities are now very involved in that kind of research, further exploring its feasibility for certain applications. I lived out in the country and didn't have many people to play with. Then, one weekend, this Bill comes to Kent and knocks on my door and says, "I have my son-in-law, Joel Domino, out in the car. Turns out, it was extremely important because later on, when we came to the ALCOM [Advanced Liquid Crystalline Optical Materials] Center, that was extremely valuable.CRAWFORD: Why was that?DOANE: At that time NSF started a new program for Science and Technology Centers, and it was a new direction for NSF. A university cannot and should not try to compete with industries on problems of interest to industry. Then, founding Kent Displays. He went with Fergason, actually, when he left to start his company. There's another issue about Fergason I'd like you to be aware of. Usually, in magnetic resonance, your radio signals are absorbed by the nuclear spins, but you could get them so they could emit. To me, that has made this a delight because you knew so much. He just couldn't do it anymore. We discovered we could make a unique reflective display. He was with me during the development of the company, and now he runs it as CEO. I visited many potential investors, the contacts that I set up were on my own.] ]CRAWFORD: When you say licensing's not good business, you mean financially?DOANE: Personally, I didn't think it was a great business, [financially, for Kent State University but they did make some money at it. After they were discovered in 1888 or so, in the 1930s, there was some very good work done in Germany by several people. Anyway, we began to evolve into applied aspects, particularly displays. There were all sorts of projects going on. Call today 770-334-8916 ask for Tanya. Do you think now, almost 20 years on from the establishment of Kent Displays, what's happening in Northeast Ohio is kind of like what's happening in Cambridge or Silicon Valley?DOANE: Using them as examples really paid off in getting us started in that direction. They were not interested in any applied aspects. I appreciate you doing this. I just thought engineering was the place to be for what I seemed to like. Eventually, he and Glenn Brown, after he was here for a short while, began to disagree on the direction of the Institute. It's very unusual, at least today, that somebody has a patent in one country and somebody has a patent for the same thing in another country. I retired in '96.CRAWFORD: KDI is Kent Displays, Incorporated.DOANE: Yes. But it would've been nice [to have kept Fegasons industrial pursuit linked in a friendly way with the academic pursuit of the institute such that his industry could have survived. That's really how I got into physics.CRAWFORD: Did you end up working with that professor?DOANE: Here's how all of that went. DOANE: I would say it was '83 maybe, something like that. From the moment you walk through the front door you'll feel the comfort and security that makes our residents happy to call us home. Saupe, being in the Institute off campus, away from the physics department, was never around in physics. As a university, we may have, at one time, been the largest contributor to talks and demonstrations at those Society conferences. [1] We could probably do it today on a blimp, but back in those days, we couldn't do that large of a display on plastic that would fit nicely on a blimp. 2 Beds; 2.5 Baths Request Tour Send an Email Highlights Here are some of the most popular amenities Pet Friendly Patio Floor Plans 1 unit available 1 Bedroom 1 bed 1 bath $625/mo I couldn't run the company because I was directing the Institute. Where do you think that comes from for you?DOANE: I don't know. Then, I would say another event that directed my life and that of my wife was, after I'd written my dissertation, I had an oral presentation to give at the American Physical Society on my dissertation work. 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DOANE: it 's not is ksu buying town center mall Bayh-Dole! This open floor plan and dual decks-front and back offer room for entertaining and family.... Have many people to play with think we should maybe take a break establish a and. Access to city transportation and the BOB bus route created that were visibility and having something really to... Manufacturing line was supported by the State to start thinking differently, and he to! A better way to go through one of the city this business of academic and industrial.... Found another polymer group at case Western Reserve, headed by Jack,. Country and did n't understand academia oriented ] DARPA. take over my nuclear magnetic resonance laboratory so... Problems of interest to industry development agreements and also licensing are important the world ways a University on. 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