Spend the 15-minute reading period analyzing the documents themselves, thinking for each document about its authorship/historical situation, main idea, and why it was written. By the death of Akbar, the third Mughal ruler, the Mughal Empire extended from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal and southward to what is now Gujarat state and the northern Deccan region of India. endobj The hierarchy of division was ambiguous sometimes, as a territory could fall under multiple overlapping jurisdictions. 7 0 obj E%ipUiO,tc76dadEhel($!# C)tB2E$ju]`nEF{9HhC5inxF Compared to Britain, the price of grain was about one-half in South India and one-third in Bengal, in terms of silver coinage. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? C>PlG2td3NE|/gX1azf Gender: Male. More prestigious positions were those of the qadi al-quddat (judge of judges) who accompanied the mobile imperial camp, and the qadi-yi lashkar (judge of the army). 3 Pages. As a Timurid, Bbur had an eye on the Punjab, part of which had been Timurs possession. Best Known For: Akbar the Great, Muslim emperor . Hinduism is a polytheistic religion that believes in a cycle of reincarnation and the ultimate goal of achieving moksha, or spiritual liberation. Babur had employed Ottoman expert Ustad Ali Quli, who showed Babur the standard Ottoman formationartillery and firearm-equipped infantry protected by wagons in the centre and the mounted archers on both wings. x\[o[~7p`D The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay question using the documents wraps up the DBQ. He was a strong leader, whose conquests expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest size. Babur succeeded his father as ruler of the state of Farghana in Turkestan when he was only 12, although he was swiftly deposed by older relatives. [185][186] In the 17th century, the Mughal Empire saw a synthesis between Islamic and Hindu astronomy, where Islamic observational instruments were combined with Hindu computational techniques. Answer: Changez Khan (on mother's side) and Timur (on father's side) Tuzuk-i-baburi, the autobiography of Babur was written in which language? Open Document. (~-:x&{gSQn+ {1[0\yQlQ[:Z)vf6H%$4RH? By Jahan's period the capital had moved to the Red Fort in Delhi, putting the Fort at the heart of Mughal power. i1 fbG(/,a-7gggi`Vw)qjO64MO`" [92][94] The jurisdiction of the qadi was availed by Muslims and non-Muslims alike. The Mughal Emperors spent a significant portion of their ruling period within these camps. Shiism. He made several excursions in the tribal habitats there. The Sur Empire (15401555), founded by Sher Shah Suri (reigned 15401545), briefly interrupted Mughal rule. Akbar worked hard to win over the hearts and minds of the Hindu leaders. Urdu uses an Arabic script, but Persian vocabulary and Hindi grammatical structure. . The palaces, tombs, gardens and forts built by the dynasty stand today in Agra, Aurangabad, Delhi, Dhaka, Fatehpur Sikri, Jaipur, Lahore, Kabul, Sheikhupura, and many other cities of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh,[163] such as: The Mughal artistic tradition, mainly expressed in painted miniatures, as well as small luxury objects, was eclectic, borrowing from Iranian, Indian, Chinese and Renaissance European stylistic and thematic elements. The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II (17591806) made futile attempts to reverse the Mughal decline but ultimately had to seek the protection of the Emir of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali, which led to the Third Battle of Panipat between the Maratha Empire and the Afghans (led by Abdali) in 1761. The architectural achievements of the Mughals peaked between 1592 and 1666, during the reign of Jahangir's successor Jahan. S;gTt9)]UwJ*eF*EvJ#e!X,]c`XX,]bXU%EX[IQa[>Ncs5(wFq@ ko.Q;ChHW(Zf|+~lo^}*dtz1Ez*,Jqlz$tHlSGR/RxTikU*P>I4\Qb>^M1> mETiqM4FAP@!YE(ETs}-b4^K'W7O ~{2.)?Ov 2 0 obj [107][108] This, however, is disputed by Parthasarathi and Sivramkrishna. However for much of their empire they allowed Hindus to reach senior government or military positions. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The Mughals were descendants of Timuraids, who hailed from Central Asia. [97], The Mughal administration emphasised agrarian reform, which began under the non-Mughal emperor Sher Shah Suri, the work of which Akbar adopted and furthered with more reforms. Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari River. While this may well have been for political reasons - he married a Hindu princess (and is said to have married several thousand wives for political and diplomatic purposes) - it was also a part of his philosophy. The use of mines and counter-mines with explosive charges of gunpowder is mentioned for the times of Akbar and Jahangir. Ottoman Empire: Suleyman the Lawgiver (1520-1566) Selim's son Conquered European city of Belgrade in 1521 Military conquest in N. Africa, C. Europe, E. Med. [93], The Mughal Empire also drew on Persianate notions of kingship. 3hZMj]Dpd]9\ qQG; He encouraged conversion to Islam, reinstated the jizya on non-Muslims, and compiled the Fatawa 'Alamgiri, a collection of Islamic law. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 15261530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. It is intended to support the implementation of the CCSS. "The Mughals Strike Twice". While Humayan was certainly disastrous as a ruler, his love of poetry and culture heavily influenced his son Akbar, and helped to make the Mughal Empire an artistic power as well as a military one. Mughal And Ottoman Empire Dbq. At the same time there was a steady decay in the quality of Mughal government. 154 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<703B6BE470475CF53496B025F7C4275E><0763BC8545456C4FA029FD2F0F77CBE6>]/Index[147 19]/Info 146 0 R/Length 57/Prev 377749/Root 148 0 R/Size 166/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Free Essay: Shhn-e Moul The Mughal Empire 1526-1858 Flag of the Mughal Empire Flag Map of Mughal Empire in 1700 CE Mughal Empire (green) during its. Begin grouping the documents into categories that you can use to help organize your essay. %PDF-1.5 Trademark Directory, https://www.kaptest.com/study/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AP-World-History-Modern-Sample-Document-Based-Question.jpg, http://wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png. endobj Between 1519 and 1524when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot, and Lahorehe showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan, where the political scene favoured his adventure. From the late 17th century to the early 18th century, Mughal India accounted for 95% of British imports from Asia, and the Bengal Subah province alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia. In 1771, the Marathas recaptured Delhi from Afghan control and in 1784 they officially became the protectors of the emperor in Delhi,[73] a state of affairs that continued until the Second Anglo-Maratha War. In Cuzco, the Inca Capital, there was a major gold-covered sun temple constructed high above most of the city, allowing the rulers to conduct elaborate ceremonies in full view of their subjects. [99] India's GDP growth increased over the 1500-1820 period, having grown faster than over the 1-1000 and 1000-1500 periods. Meanwhile, an Afghan soldier of fortune, Shr Shah of Sr, had consolidated his power in Bihar and Bengal. Omissions? <> Persian language in the Indian subcontinent, History of gunpowder: India and the Mughal Empire, History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent, Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah, "Monumentality and Mobility in Mughal Capitals", "EastWest Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", "BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Origins of Sikhism", "Precolonial Ethnic Violence:The Case of Hindu-Muslim Conflict in India", "The 'Great Firm' Theory of the Decline of the Mughal Empire", "India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries", The Rise, Organization, and Institutional Framework of Factor Markets, "The Disjointed Spaces of Precolonial Territorial Divisions", "Reflections on Religious Difference and Permissive Inclusion in Mughal Law", India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries, "The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India", "The Early Modern Great Divergence: Wages, Prices and Economic Development in Europe and Asia 15001800", "Ascertaining Living Standards in Erstwhile Mysore, Southern India, from Francis Buchanan's Journey of 180001: An Empirical Contribution to the Great Divergence", "The World of Labour in Mughal India (c. 15001750)", "Technological Dynamism in a Stagnant Sector: Safety at Sea during the Early Industrial Revolution", "Bengali New Year: how Akbar invented the modern Bengali calendar", The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, "Indian GDP before 1870: Some preliminary estimates and a comparison with Britain", "Indo-Persian Literature Conference: SOAS: North Indian Literary Culture (14501650)", "2. [62]:68 Aurangzeb oversaw an increase in the Islamicization of the Mughal state. Babur may have been descended from brutal conquerors, but he was not a barbarian bent on loot and plunder. 625 Words. The Indian war rockets were formidable weapons before such rockets were used in Europe. % A later Muslim invasion in 1398 devastated the city of Delhi. Overseas, Europeans depended on Bengali products such as cotton textiles, silks, and opium; Bengal accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia, for example, including more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks. Trade with the rest of the Islamic world, especially Persia and through Persia to Europe, was encouraged. [97] A variety of crops were grown, including food crops such as wheat, rice, and barley, and non-food cash crops such as cotton, indigo and opium. Historians have offered numerous explanations for the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and 1720, after a century of growth and prosperity. [46] However, in the decisive Battle of Khanwa which was fought near Agra, the Timurid forces of Babur defeated the Rajput army of Sanga. The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. [citation needed] Dara championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim culture, emulating his great-grandfather Akbar. The instruments he used were influenced by Islamic astronomy, while the computational techniques were derived from Hindu astronomy.[185][186]. [112][113], According to Moosvi, Mughal India had a per-capita income, in terms of wheat, 1.24% higher in the late 16th century than British India did in the early 20th century. Political and religious climates of the Muslim Empires in 1450-1750 were tense, however religious tolerance . The Mughals instead recorded detailed statistics about each division, in order to assess the territory's capacity for revenue, on the basis of simpler land surveys. IE+V`QL6$6d 9'.-sli(1A!fQa8.J8/tG>*_<8sG\+JDNAHX*/nXA'P9xbE9\Cj$B,M%UGYPVdSf>)ER/@O'^qF+3Yhq(fDlGJ;%,&8V.d/(R}L&pm 8^Za "DD3:IX sq.AS3Ix5u7aG).@J In locations such as India, empire-building involved a more complex interplay of economics with the pre-existing political structures, though the Europeans were still able to eventually gain control. Click each document below to view the sample. 1800 Time Period ( remember : 18th century = 1700s , and so on ) DOCUMENT WORK ( preliminary ) Main Idea Outside Evidence HAPP ( HIPP ) Document 1 Safavid military and militia were well trained and knew how to handle gunpowder weapons Document 2 Mughal empire invested a lot of money into different expenditures , paying a lot to their military Audience : Austrian Emperor Document 3 Ottoman . endobj <>>> Reaching Iran in 1544, Humyn was granted military aid by Shah ahmsp and went on to conquer Kandahr (1545) and to seize Kabul three times from his own disloyal brother, Kmrn, the final time being in 1550. [33] The use of "Mughal" and "Moghul" derived from the Arabic and Persian corruption of "Mongol", and it emphasised the Mongol origins of the Timurid dynasty. [185][186], During the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Hindu king Jai Singh II of Amber continued the work of Mughal astronomy. The Mughal Empire ruled over almost the entire subcontinent of India, from 1530-1707. %PDF-1.3 [136] The Mughals introduced agrarian reforms, including the modern Bengali calendar. The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire's international trade. endobj [92] Qadis were usually appointed by the emperor or the sadr-us-sudr (chief of charities). Cortes, perhaps seeking to impress the king, likely exaggerates in the claim that the victory was without ourselves sustaining any injury; still, the claim indicates both the strength of the Spanish military technology and their attitude of superiority that they used to justify their takeover of the existing Mexica government. Aurangzeb was a very observant and religious Muslim who ended the policy of religious tolerance followed by earlier emperors. !6kE62C-1qq/ov)(IA %=$3YdM|m5j 5 0 obj [82], The Mughal Empire had a highly centralised, bureaucratic government, most of which was instituted during the rule of the third Mughal emperor Akbar. [145], Under Akbar's reign in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, 15% of the empire's total population. In 1504 he conquered Kabul and Ghazn and established himself there. [124] In contrast, there was very little demand for European goods in Mughal India, which was largely self-sufficient, thus Europeans had very little to offer, except for some woolens, unprocessed metals and a few luxury items. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He did eventually recover the throne but died soon afterwards after breaking his neck falling downstairs. 1 Page. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. [172] Persian had a profound impact on the languages of South Asia; one such language, today known as Urdu, developed in the imperial capital of Delhi in the late Mughal era. It never spread beyond his court and died when he did. This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. [27] There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite,[28] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan. endobj Practice sourcing with HIPP acronym using documents from the 2019 DBQ and write body paragraphs with a pair of documents to include sourcing (identifying point of view, purpose, historical situation, . Mughal government in the pargana consisted of a Muslim judge and local tax collector. 2("%m'N*\ %%EOF Bbur won the battles, but the expedition there too, like the one on the southern borders, was left unfinished. Developments in Central Asia and Bburs failing health forced him to withdraw. This resulted in lower silver coin prices for Indian textiles, giving them a price advantage in global markets. "Mughals" redirects here. Birth Year: 1542. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau . Buddhism: This belief system originated in ancient India and was the dominant religion in several land-based empires in Asia, including the Maurya Empire (321-185 BC) and the Tibetan Empire (618-841). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His first act after conquering Delhi was to forbid the killing of cows because that was offensive to Hindus. OER Project - Free, Standards Based Online History Curriculum 1 0 obj Later, the Mysorean rockets were upgraded versions of Mughal rockets used during the Siege of Jinji by the progeny of the Nawab of Arcot. uJ+t?P&6V`#O;y\nxRS =y}iO-*xp}.kTT_wP}}9oek$"/M\BGneKpVc8UCb8n%f}2gtGp%XyS )"-Mb @|C-HyJwlQ nk{VjF""y=D6y'X8{OB Rm&e5XrA|j%0& TRP?ODcBHSEuxyw1zbK{ G\s)ku.c}vZUIcgJ1(G7/pi N#hRPgZd\vEry\TSIS leZbseA$^-+ebk iGAVox/xN_<>xgs8Fc,*^sm(7w+>/Dl*BoSC`~)4qd"?&X*gGwR-8o{H@8=lsb`}Sw 9-XVIK(c There was a scornful laughter and Akbar asked for an explanation. Topics. [63][57][58] From the imperial perspective, conversion to Islam integrated local elites into the king's vision of network of shared identity that would join disparate groups throughout the empire in obedience to the Mughal emperor. The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and . Under his successors in the seventeenth century, more of the subcontinent is incorporated into the Mughal empire as the rulers of the Deccan are finally conquered and become Delhi's feudatories." With a period overview, list of key events, and ten related artworks. Copyright 2010. hVY6|lI3=nu6m5HHIli: &>d`#=$pK&Ea7rp8q A/_D+=UTF 9q.Rmu2Tr9_Zn#b+a:+.g8 k.-p # |/(P.J0q&tii L4X(A:MeXs40W`\g7HadI!KXBgF*&cWyqj1#KPB'} However, the dispensation of justice also depended on other factors, such as administrative rules, local customs, and political convenience. [88] Situations where there were two simultaneous capitals happened multiple times in Mughal history. [103] The expansion of agriculture and cultivation continued under later Mughal emperors including Aurangzeb, whose 1665 firman edict stated: "the entire elevated attention and desires of the Emperor are devoted to the increase in the population and cultivation of the Empire and the welfare of the whole peasantry and the entire people. comparative essay. A 17th century celestial globe was also made by Diya ad-din Muhammad in Lahore, 1668 (now in Pakistan). The diffusion of the spinning wheel, and the incorporation of the worm gear and crank handle into the roller cotton gin led to greatly expanded Indian cotton textile production during the Mughal era. In the royal family it is placed after the name instead of before it, thus, Abbas Mirza and Hosfiein Mirza. Elliot, Sir H.M., Edited by Dowson, John. Babur moved into Afghanistan in 1504, and then moved on to India, apparently at the invitation of some Indian princes who wanted to dispose of their ruler. [9] Around 80% of Mughal India's imports were bullion, mostly silver,[104] with major sources of imported bullion including the New World and Japan,[103] which in turn imported large quantities of textiles and silk from the Bengal Subah province. [86], Mughal administrative divisions were not static. Richly-finished albums (muraqqa) decorated with calligraphy and artistic scenes were mounted onto pages with decorative borders and then bound with covers of stamped and gilded or painted and lacquered leather. The establishment of a Hindu Marathi Empire in southern India cut off the Mughal state to the south. During Aurangzeb's reign (1658-1707), the economy of the Mughal Empire began to decline. [97] The growth of manufacturing industries in the Indian subcontinent during the Mughal era in the 17th18th centuries has been referred to as a form of proto-industrialization, similar to 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution. [98] India's economy has been described as a form of proto-industrialization, like that of 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution. Aurangzeb's extremism caused Mughal territory and creativity to dry up and the Empire went into decline. Through the Government of India Act 1858 the British Crown assumed direct control of East India Company-held territories in India in the form of the new British Raj. When Afghan risings turned him to the east, he had to fight, among others, the joint forces of the Afghans and the sultan of Bengal in 1529 at Ghaghara, near Varanasi. Reported resources will be reviewed by our team. Mughal emperors (Urdu: , Persian: , romanized: Shhanshhn-e-Hindustan) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.The Mughal rulers styled themselves as Badshah (great king) or Shahanshah, a title usually . The Emperor proclaimed an entirely new state religion of 'God-ism' (Din-i-ilahi) - a jumble of Islamic, Hindu, Christian and Buddhist teaching with himself as deity. For the ethnic groups, see. The great Mughal city of Calcutta came under the control of the east India company in 1696 and in the decades that followed Europeans and European - backed by Hindu princes conquered most of the Mughal territory. eV)KCM?UG!pb]7y <> The Mughal Empire reached across much of the Indian subcontinent. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Taj Mahal marks the apex of the Mughal Empire; it symbolises stability, power and confidence. This guide includes comparisons in unit 3 and unit 4 respectively in addition to comparisons between unit 3 and unit 4. #LFp"9B+5vl(_\M^$/t%Y)xRz j_@I1j`o`2?~273+yNVZs$"+0j 4.bQ'Cxf`:m05?CqVxp3K&(Qkd`)X#`)$-SCH^#++m>MHNrIR7>_&.Qu2`Q7tyi?> =vE_-v}ew@m^. [116] In Mughal India, there was a generally tolerant attitude towards manual labourers, with some religious cults in northern India proudly asserting a high status for manual labour. %".{l1AbL}9mmHY2[,ArDxPGW7]6vF x H"~,.fi)|$a WWHZ40\qe,\Aawj)g):\6 Gwe;sH- bV Countries sending large numbers of settlers was another effective method of empire-building. <>>> <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> [188] Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. "The king [of India], as proprietor of the land, makes over a certain quantity to mili- The Muhammadan Period, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&oldid=1149697353, 29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, the grandson of Timur and Genghiz Khan. That is why I say the cotton boll is the most beautiful flower. They had bam-boo rods, a rocket-body lashed to the rod, and iron points. He even wrote an autobiography, The Babur - Namah. In Britain, Sake Dean Mahomed was appointed as shampooing surgeon to both Kings George IV and William IV.[187]. |IYdw -Q6aITxd&ku/j{?^e~^yg6.rJynr>*[]=z}ZDc The Taj Mahal houses the jewelled tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, much loved wife of emperor Shah Jehan, Ahmedabads Jama Masjid (Grand Mosque) was built in the 15th century in Gujarat, Jewelled archway in Humayun's tumb in Delhi, Itimad-ud-Daulah's tomb in Agra is considered a landmark in Mughal architecture, The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Emperor Jahan, marks the apex of the Mughal Empire. [98] India was producing 24.5% of the world's manufacturing output up until 1750. Mirza is a civil title, and Khan is a military one. Unit 3: . Black, Jeremy. Finally came a series of violent political feuds over control of the throne. Akbar also ended a tax (jizya) that had been imposed on non-Muslims. [174][175], Mughal India was one of the three Islamic gunpowder empires, along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia. Subjects of the Mughal Empire also took their grievances to the courts of superior officials who held more authority and punitive power than the local qadi. <> Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him executed. No approval by, nor association with, the creators of the CCSS is intended or implied. A Long History of Urdu Literary Culture", "14. Political and religious climates of the Muslim Empires in 1450-1750 were tense, however religious tolerance can be seen in the Mughal and Ottoman Empires. [25], The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion. India's population growth accelerated under the Mughal Empire, with an unprecedented economic and demographic upsurge which boosted the Indian population by 60%[140] to 253% in 200 years during 15001700. The Hindu kingdoms also fought back, often supported by the French and the British, who used them to tighten their grip on the sub-continent. 3.4 Comparison in Land-Based Empires. x[K#0M600#0`!X!N\SU,EvYI->U_}:eoON6)?+?y&xg>?i`?>?OG|2MB.r}~~t2/aKs4Svvn;nE)'~tW}9e}p|b1('NjVf>E]*[hX?/mvRyDk8$@GQb? [citation needed] Akbar allowed freedom of religion at his court, and attempted to resolve socio-political and cultural differences in his empire by establishing a new religion, Din-i-Ilahi, with strong characteristics of a ruler cult. This was larger than the entire urban population in Europe at the time, and even a century later in 1700, the urban population of England, Scotland and Wales did not exceed 13% of its total population,[142] while British India had an urban population that was under 13% of its total population in 1800 and 9% in 1881, a decline from the earlier Mughal era. [89], The imperial camp, used for military expeditions and royal tours, also served as a kind of mobile, "de facto" administrative capital. [83][84] The central government was headed by the Mughal emperor; immediately beneath him were four ministries. By describing this potential threat to the emperor, the document hints at the potential for outsiders to take advantage of the political instability, as indeed the British merchants extended their economic influence into political control. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay . For example, the most basic kind was the pargana (district) qadi. Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty. [182] In 1657, the Mughal Army used rockets during the Siege of Bidar. stream In turn, this benefited the Indian textile industry. [92], The Mughal economy was large and prosperous. <> By 1700, the GDP of India had risen to 24% of the world economy, the largest in the world, larger than both China (Qing era) and Western Europe. Faster than over the 1-1000 and 1000-1500 periods Mughal state military one [ ]. Symbolises stability, power and majesty having grown faster than over the 1-1000 and 1000-1500.. Royal family it is placed after the name instead of before it,,! Why I say the cotton boll is the most beautiful flower territory could fall under overlapping... On loot and mughal empire dbq in the tribal habitats there before it, thus, Abbas and. 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