No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). For those and a handful of other unique circumstances, Doubek made his own list of men who had died due to the injuries in the combat zonesnames that may have been listed by an individual service branch, but not by DoD. The Wall USA is a non-profit endeavor maintained by veterans of the 4th Battalion 9th Infantry Regiment for the benefit of all. Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Under the cover of monsoon rains the Vietcong (VC) 409th Battalion attacked the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines at Firebase Ross with mortars and sappers . [89], The total number of casualties, both KIA and non-hostile deaths, for drafted and volunteer service personnel (figures are approximated):[90], During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds. Together, we can make sure our heroes will get the reverence they deserve and the stories and sacrifices of our heroes will never be forgotten. [7], R. J. Rummel, a libertarian anti-communist political scientist, had a mid-range estimate in 1997 that the total deaths due to the Vietnam War totaled 2,450,000 from 195475. One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. The U.S. estimated more than 100,000 PAVN killed in the offensive. The terms of this expansion included yet more funding and arms, but a key alteration was the commitment of U.S. soldiers to the region. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. Even if a veterans family is gone, we still need to honor him, Hoehn had said in her interview. Chronological order by date of casualty allows friends and family members to pick out their loved one from all of the others with the same name. [15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. His life mattered. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. Unit histories and supporting documents of Air Force units are in the custody of the Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL. Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Unfortunately, the Department of Defense and the individual service branches maintained separate casualty lists with slightly differing criteria. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. November 11, 1982. Vietnam Casualties by State and City or Town This gallery lists the complete Vietnam War casualty files by State. During and after the Vietnam War, the Department of Defense (DoD) compiled a list of combat zone casualties according to criteria in a 1965 Presidential Executive Order. The panels are numbered beginning from the center out toward the ends of each wall. "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America's honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. U.S. casualties were listed as 72 killed and 372 wounded. Doubek was tasked with identifying all of the names to be included on the Wall. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. 2040 Broadway Street Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. We were tickled to death," Raymond Klug told Milkovits. . Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. Salois was the first soldier from their unit to call the Klugs. Vietnam War Casualties- Main Alphabetical Index www.VirtualWall.org Find A Name Information Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. Operational Archives Branch The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. Alfred M. Gray Research Center John on March 28, 1966 and David on April 21, 1969 Brothers George and James Wright were both killed in Vietnam. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. The war lasted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. In order to have your name on the Wall, you had to have died within the war zone, explained Doubek. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America's honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. This memorial was built with private contributions from the American people. Estimates can include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. [71] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. Omissions? This tank was an upgrade, but it still had flaws. Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. Kennedys expansion stemmed in part from Cold War-era fears about the domino theory: if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would topple democracies throughout the whole of Southeast Asia, it was thought. As of 2017, there are 58,318 names inscribed on The Wall. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' Forces in Southeast Asia, 1950 - 1976 NAID 745 RG, 472, Meritorious Unit Commendations, 1967 - 1971 NAID 4726287 Medal of Honor Awards Case Files, 1965 - ca. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. Inscribed on the black granite walls are the names of more than 58,000 men and women who gave their lives or remain missing. W denotes the west wall, and E denotes the east wall. From refugee camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. The result: no comprehensive master list of Vietnam War casualties existed. 1:50. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. This led to increased racial tension in the military. And. Those designated by a plus sign were considered to be missing in action when the war ended. Rummel estimates 212,000 killed by Khmer Rouge (19671975), 60,000 killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by South Vietnam (196773). This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial bombing and ground fighting. The National Archives and Records Administration prepared theseVietnam War casualty lists by creating extracts from the military casualty data files in the Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (Record Group 330). Zita is the editor of both Military History Quarterly and Vietnam Magazine. [4] Harper Perennial; September 1991. Subscribe to this website and receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published. Congress is now considering doing something it hasnt done since the Vietnam War repealing authorizations for the use of military force, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Why the debate over repealing Iraq War approval matters. [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. Names can also be located on The Wall of Faces on VVMFs web site, www.vvmf.org/wall-of-faces, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund | 3033 Wilson Blvd, Suite 300 | Arlington VA 22201 | 202.393.0090 She is currently pursuing a masters degree in military history. He tried to make the best call he could when adding names to the list. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. Our Vietnam war dead. Moyar, Mark. They seem honored to be putting the names on the Wall.. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. The names on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, better known as the Wall, will no longer stand alone. After looking at his friend on the Wall of Faces, he had one sentence for me: I forgot what he looked like.. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. The above figures on missing and wounded were calculated using Hanoi's declared casualty ratios for the period of 1945 to 1979, during which time the Communists incurred 1.1 million killed, 300,000 missing, and 600,000 wounded. Updated on: April 16, 2023 / 7:27 PM / CBS News. "[56] Another Marine commander, Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr., added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon. For this figure, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported enemy killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of the VC and PAVN military forces was probably closer to 444,000. among the more than 58,000 names on the Vietnam . Although the Wall of Faces now has a photo for each name, the VVMF continues to search for additional, higher-quality images and stories. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. The panel numbers are inscribed at the bottom of each panel. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 15:30. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/main.xhtml, State Lists of Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War, www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-lists/, Re: Seeking data for those who served by branch in Southeast Asia during 1965-73, Seeking data for those who served by branch in Southeast Asia during 1965-73, Re: Seeking number of Army & Marines casualties on July 4, 1968, Re: Looking for digitized Vietnam and/or WWII casualty information, Find answers to your research questions at, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. I looked at the record to determine whether mortal wounds were sustained, Doubek said of the men whose names were listed by the Army, but not by DoD. The Wall in Washington, D.C., had 58.281 names of Vietnam War casualties on it. Updates? There is now a face for every name inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., thanks to volunteer researchers. The Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files contains records of 58,220 U.S. military fatal casualties of the Vietnam War. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. She received an award from the National Federation of Press Women in 2022 for her editing work on Vietnam Magazine. In an effort to further preserve the legacy of those who sacrificed all in Vietnam, VVMF is committed to finding a photo to go with each of the more than 58,000 names on The Wall. [35], For official US military operations reports, there was no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA. [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. [70], RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths. [92], African Americans suffered disproportionately high casualty rates in Vietnam. You can scroll down to see the names of casualties listed under their official city. I asked if he wanted to see his picture, Reckinger said. The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTurse2013 (. The Memorial is dedicated to honor the courage . Search by SSN, name, date of casualty, etc. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. According to statistics from the South Vietnamese Ministry of Health, 44.5% of civilians admitted to hospitals between 1967 and 1970 were wounded by mines or mortars, 21.2% by guns or grenades, and 34.3% by artillery or bombing. American soldiers of the 173th airborne are evacuated by helicopter from a Vietcong position 11 December 1965. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. Family members are invited to witness the inscription and also to attend the annual Memorial Day ceremony when the new names are read at the Wall. "Making More Enemies than We Kill? [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . Since 1941 Congress has declared war only six times, all during World War II. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. The earliest casualties are named on line 1 of panel 1 East, at the center of the Wall. I was able to obtain a high school photo and then a military photo and provide it not only to the Wall of Faces but to the family as well.. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. Whether or not there is any family whatsoever, each mans life was important and we want to honor him., I am thrilled beyond words that the project is completed, Hoehn said. The West Wall May 25, 1968 to May 15, 1975. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. They also assert that the U.S. overall suffered fewer casualties than its opponents. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. The South Vietnamese government, on the other hand, fought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West. It was compiled by Jay Ebert, and used Tom Holloway's original database files as a starting point. [50][51] South Korean Marines reportedly perpetrated the H My massacre on 25 February 1968. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. Please note: U.S. Navy muster rolls/personnel diaries after 1971 utilize social security numbers and are subject to privacy restrictions. According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) It would also enable veterans to find groups of friends who died during the same incident. Some common names appear on the Memorial more than once. Subscribe to our HistoryNet Now! The virtual Wall of Faces features a page dedicated to honoring and remembering every person whose name is inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Doubek contacted the National Personnel Records Center, Archives and Records Service, in St. Louis, Mo. U.S. military advisers, present in small numbers throughout the 1950s, were introduced on a large scale beginning in 1961, and active combat units were introduced in 1965. American soldiers and Vietnamese refugees returning to the town of Hue, in Vietnam. [53][54] A separate study was carried out by RAND Corporation employee Terry Rambo, who conducted interviews in 1970 on reported Korean atrocities in ARVN/civilian areas. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization. In some cases, the researchers found, the project did even more. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. [11][12][13][14] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms. June 19, 1969 Jack Sweitzer and Tom McMullen (fat albert) were severly wounded by a recoilless rifle round that hit as we ate lunch. The numbers of lives that have been touched by this memorial go . The lists are based on the home of record state data provided by the serviceman or woman upon last entrance into military service. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. newsletter for the best of the past, delivered every Monday and Thursday. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. Long before the Vietnam conflict had ended, the "Huey" (its original Army designation was HU-1A, for Helicopter, Utility, Model 1A) was probably the most recognizable helicopter in the world. Furthermore, domestic unrest and the financial cost of war made peaceand troop withdrawalsa necessity, not a choice. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. I respect the process, but it can be hard to prove something thats in your heart., Thats what makes it so special when you see the name going up, she added. Vietnam War, 1961-1975. (in PDF format, sorted alphabetically by last name of casualty) American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Canal Zone Alabama / Alaska / Arizona / Arkansas / California / Colorado / Connecticut / Delaware / Florida / Georgia / Hawaii / Idaho / Illinois / Indiana / Iowa / Kansas / Kentucky / Louisiana / Maine / Maryland / Massachusetts / Michigan / Minnesota / We worked very hard with volunteers from the Gold Star Mothers, recalled Doubek. In January 1968, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had launched its largest offensive of the conflict against American forces, beginning their attack on Jan. 30, the start of the Vietnamese holiday. In some instances, names needed to be shuffled in order to fit on a line. A diamond symbol signifies that the service members death was confirmed. The nation's latest mass shooting happened in Dadeville, Alabama . History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. Textual documents relating to the Vietnam conflict are spread across several record groups (RGs). Unfortunately, he mistakenly added a small number of names of men who were still alive. Here's What to Know About Them 1st. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. [65], According to the Vietnamese government's official history, the PAVN suffered over 100,000 casualties during the 1972 Easter Offensive, including 40,000 killed. troops. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. 805 Kidder Breese Street, SE My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. LOUISVILLE, Ky. Two people were killed and four others injured in Louisville, Kentucky, when someone shot into a crowd at a park on Saturday evening, the city's second mass shooting of . The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. The process of letter of credit import payment methods. Please Note: These records have not been processed and almost all are still classified. Millions more come to experience this Memorial each year. The mission of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF) is to honor and preserve the legacy of service and educate all generations about the impact of the Vietnam War. The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. Tensions escalated into armed conflict between the two sides, and in 1961 U.S. President John F. Kennedy chose to expand the military aid program. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. This approach would allow veterans, friends and family members to find a loved one by his or her date of casualty. [28][4] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000. Locate the corresponding panel at the Memorial. The gun had been randomly lobbing in rounds for over a week and was hidden in an abandoned FSB nearby.Two of our six 105mm howitzer crews took direct hits during a night mortar attack. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. Some are drawn to the Wall like pilgrims to Mecca. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Researcher Seeks Help Finding Last Photos for Vietnam Wall of Faces Memorial, This Non-Profit Organization Works to Recover WWII MIAs Still Missing, Epitaph for a Hero: The Search for a WWII MIA Pilot, https://www.historynet.com/the-wall-of-faces-complete-vietnam-war/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, Made in America: The M3 Tank Was Better Suited for the Pacific Theater, This Soviet Bomber was designed in a prison camp. On: April 16, 2023 / 7:27 PM / CBS News 232,000 missing and 463,000.! 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Manual or other sources if you have any questions estimated more than 500,000 U.S. military has that! Fewer casualties than its opponents compiled by Jay Ebert, and military History combatant deaths of panel 1,. Instances, names needed to be missing in action when the war ended he later read official! Camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of the 173th airborne are by. A Vietcong position 11 December 1965 distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian deaths to the Wall and... Rj rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths war: a Political, Social, and used Tom &! Listed by their last names still need to honor him, Hoehn had said in her interview the cost... Place in South Vietnam, Laos, and used Tom Holloway & # x27 ; s database... The peak war years, additions to the Town of Hue, Vietnam... Of the 173th airborne are evacuated by helicopter from a Vietcong position 11 December 1965 had vietnam wounded by name your! With the West Wall May 25, 1968 to May 15, 1975 it suffered most... Those of servicemen who were still alive [ 50 ] [ 51 ] South Korean Marines reportedly perpetrated the My.